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Increased Levels of Autoantibodies against ROS-Modified Proteins in Depressed Individuals with Decrease in Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 Antigen (S1-RBD).
Sherwani, Subuhi; Raafat, Mohamed; Rajendrasozhan, Saravanan; Khan, Mahvish; Saleem, Mohd; Husain, Qayyum; Khan, Saif; Alam, Noor; Khan, Mohd Wajid Ali.
  • Sherwani S; Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
  • Raafat M; Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
  • Rajendrasozhan S; Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
  • Khan M; Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
  • Saleem M; Department of Pathology, Sub-Division of Medical Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
  • Husain Q; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India.
  • Khan S; Department of Basic Dental and Medical Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alam N; Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
  • Khan MWA; Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 2440, Saudi Arabia.
Curr Issues Mol Biol ; 44(11): 5260-5276, 2022 Oct 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2090026
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease management is highly dependent on the immune status of the infected individual. An increase in the incidence of depression has been observed during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Autoantibodies against in vitro reactive oxygen species (ROS) modified BSA and Lys as well as antibodies against receptor binding domain subunit S1 (S1-RBD) (S1-RBD-Abs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were estimated using direct binding and competition ELISA. Serum samples were also tested for fasting blood glucose (FBG), malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl content (CC), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Significant structural changes were observed in ROS modified BSA and Lys. Female depressed subjects who were also smokers (F-D-S) showed the highest levels of oxidative stress (MDA and CC levels). Similarly, increased levels of autoantibodies against ROS modified proteins were detected in F-D-S subjects, in males who were depressed and in smokers (M-D-S) compared to the other subjects from the rest of the groups. However, contrary to this observation, levels of S1-RBD-Abs were found to be lowest in the F-D-S and M-D-S groups. During the pandemic, large numbers of individuals have experienced depression, which may induce excessive oxidative stress, causing modifications in circulatory proteins. Thus, the formation of neo-antigens is induced, which lead to the generation of autoantibodies. The concomitant effect of increased autoantibodies with elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α possibly tilt the immune balance toward autoantibody generation rather than the formation of S1-RBD-Abs. Thus, it is important to identify individuals who are at risk of depression to determine immune status and facilitate the better management of COVID-19.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Language: English Journal: Curr Issues Mol Biol Journal subject: Molecular Biology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cimb44110358

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Language: English Journal: Curr Issues Mol Biol Journal subject: Molecular Biology Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cimb44110358