Contribution of T- and B-cell intrinsic toll-like receptors to the adaptive immune response in viral infectious diseases.
Cell Mol Life Sci
; 79(11): 547, 2022 Oct 12.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2093246
ABSTRACT
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise a class of highly conserved molecules that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns and play a vital role in host defense against multiple viral infectious diseases. Although TLRs are highly expressed on innate immune cells and play indirect roles in regulating antiviral adaptive immune responses, intrinsic expression of TLRs in adaptive immune cells, including T cells and B cells, cannot be ignored. TLRs expressed in CD4 + and CD8 + T cells play roles in enhancing TCR signal-induced T-cell activation, proliferation, function, and survival, serving as costimulatory molecules. Gene knockout of TLR signaling molecules has been shown to diminish antiviral adaptive immune responses and affect viral clearance in multiple viral infectious animal models. These results have highlighted the critical role of TLRs in the long-term immunological control of viral infection. This review summarizes the expression and function of TLR signaling pathways in T and B cells, focusing on the in vitro and vivo mechanisms and effects of intrinsic TLR signaling in regulating T- and B-cell responses during viral infection. The potential clinical use of TLR-based immune regulatory drugs for viral infectious diseases is also explored.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Communicable Diseases
/
Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules
Type of study:
Prognostic study
Limits:
Animals
Language:
English
Journal:
Cell Mol Life Sci
Journal subject:
Molecular Biology
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S00018-022-04582-x
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