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AMP5A modulates Toll-like receptors 7 and 8 single-stranded RNA immune responses in PMA-differentiated THP-1 and PBMC.
Thomas, Gregory; Hirter, Kristen; Frederick, Elizabeth; Hausburg, Melissa; Bar-Or, Raphael; Mulugeta, Yetti; Roshon, Michael; Mains, Charles; Bar-Or, David.
  • Thomas G; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80122 USA.
  • Hirter K; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80122 USA.
  • Frederick E; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80122 USA.
  • Hausburg M; Trauma Research Department, Swedish Medical Center, 501 E. Hampden, Englewood, CO 80113 USA.
  • Bar-Or R; Trauma Research Department, St. Anthony Hospital, 11600 W 2nd Pl, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA.
  • Mulugeta Y; Trauma Research Department, Penrose Hospital, 2222 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO 80907 USA.
  • Roshon M; Department of Molecular Biology, Rocky Vista University, 8401 S Chambers Rd, Parker, CO 80134 USA.
  • Mains C; Centura Health Systems, 9100 E. Mineral Cir, Centennial, CO 80112 USA.
  • Bar-Or D; Ampio Pharmaceuticals Inc, 373 Inverness Parkway Suite 200, Englewood, CO 80122 USA.
Transl Med Commun ; 7(1): 3, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2098471
ABSTRACT

Background:

Dysregulation of antiviral immunity has been implicated in the progression of acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection into severe cases of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). Imbalances in the inflammatory response drive the overabundant production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The low molecular weight fraction of 5% human serum albumin commercial preparation (AMP5A) is a novel biologic drug currently under clinical investigation for the treatment of osteoarthritis and the hyperinflammatory response associated with COVID-19. This study aims to elucidate AMP5A effects following the activation of immune cells with agonists of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and/or 8, which detect ssRNA viral sequences.

Methods:

CXCL10 ELISAs were used to evaluate the dynamics of myeloid cells activated with CL075 and CL307, agonists of TLR7/8 and TLR7, respectively. In addition, enrichment analysis of gene sets generated by ELISA arrays was utilized to gain insight into the biologic processes underlying the identified differentially expressed cytokine profiles. Finally, relative potency (REP) was employed to confirm the involvement of mechanisms of action paramount to AMP5A activity.

Results:

AMP5A inhibits the release of CXCL10 from both CL075- and CL307-activated PMA-differentiated THP-1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, AMP5A suppresses a distinct set of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-12, and CXCL10) associated with COVID-19 and pro-inflammatory NF-κB activation. REP experiments using antagonists specific for the immunomodulatory transcription factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor, also indicate that these pathways are involved in the ability of AMP5A to inhibit CXCL10 release.

Conclusion:

Due to the biphasic course of COVID-19, therapeutic approaches that augment antiviral immunity may be more beneficial early in infection, whereas later interventions should focus on inflammation suppression. In this study, we show that AMP5A inhibits TLR 7/8 signaling in myeloid cells, resulting in a decrease in inflammatory mediators associated with hyperinflammation and autoimmunity. Furthermore, data demonstrating that AMP5A activates immunomodulatory transcription factors found to be protective in lung disease is provided. These findings suggest that the modes and mechanisms of action of AMP5A are well suited to treat conditions involving dysregulated TLR 7/8 activation.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Transl Med Commun Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Language: English Journal: Transl Med Commun Year: 2022 Document Type: Article