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Changes in non-communicable diseases, diet and exercise in a rural Bangladesh setting before and after the first wave of COVID-19.
King, Carina; Shaha, Sanjit Kumer; Morrison, Joanna; Ahmed, Naveed; Kuddus, Abdul; Pires, Malini; Nahar, Tasmin; Hossin, Raduan; Haghparast-Bidgoli, Hassan; Khan, A K Azad; Davies, Justine; Azad, Kishwar; Fottrell, Edward.
  • King C; Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Shaha SK; Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Morrison J; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
  • Ahmed N; Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Kuddus A; Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Pires M; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
  • Nahar T; Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Hossin R; Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Haghparast-Bidgoli H; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
  • Khan AKA; Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Davies J; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
  • Azad K; Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
  • Fottrell E; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
PLOS Glob Public Health ; 2(9): e0001110, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2098679
ABSTRACT
Prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is high in rural Bangladesh. Given the complex multi-directional relationships between NCDs, COVID-19 infections and control measures, exploring pandemic impacts in this context is important. We conducted two cross-sectional surveys of adults ≥30-years in rural Faridpur district, Bangladesh, in February to March 2020 (survey 1, pre-COVID-19), and January to March 2021 (survey 2, post-lockdown). A new random sample of participants was taken at each survey. Anthropometric measures included blood pressure, weight, height, hip and waist circumference and fasting and 2-hour post-glucose load blood glucose. An interviewer-administered questionnaire included socio-demographics; lifestyle and behavioural risk factors; care seeking; self-rated health, depression and anxiety assessments. Differences in NCDs, diet and exercise were compared between surveys using chi2 tests, logistic and linear regression; sub-group analyses by gender, age and socio-economic tertiles were conducted. We recruited 950 (72.0%) participants in survey 1 and 1392 (87.9%) in survey 2. The percentage of the population with hypertension increased significantly from 34.5% (95% CI 30.7, 38.5) to 41.5% (95% CI 38.2, 45.0; p-value = 0.011); the increase was more pronounced in men. Across all measures of self-reported health and mental health, there was a significant improvement between survey 1 and 2. For self-rated health, we observed a 10-point increase (71.3 vs 81.2, p-value = 0.005). Depression reduced from 15.3% (95% CI 8.4, 26.1) to 6.0% (95% CI 2.7, 12.6; p-value = 0.044) and generalised anxiety from 17.9% (95% CI 11.3, 27.3) to 4.0% (95% CI 2.0, 7.6; p-value<0.001). No changes in fasting blood glucose, diabetes status, BMI or abdominal obesity were observed. Our findings suggest both positive and negative health outcomes following COVID-19 lockdown in a rural Bangladeshi setting, with a concerning increase in hypertension. These findings need to be further contextualised, with prospective assessments of indirect effects on physical and mental health and care-seeking.

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Language: English Journal: PLOS Glob Public Health Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pgph.0001110

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Language: English Journal: PLOS Glob Public Health Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Journal.pgph.0001110