Swine coronaviruses Part II porcine enteric coronaviruses

ABSTRACT

The second part of the review on swine coronaviruses, aims at the porcine enteric coronaviruses epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention. They most often cause clinical infections and have a negative economic impact on swine industry, These make porcine coronaviruses of great practical significance. Currently, four porcine coronaviruses are responsible for gastrointestinal tract infections transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus (TEGV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV). TGEV has caused severe diarrheal disease in pigs worldwide in the past, and its importance is now less significant. PEDV and PDCoV cause clinically indistinguishable acute gastroenteritis in all age groups of pigs. TGEV has been circulating in the pig populations for decades. PEDV, PDCoV and SADS-CoV are emerging/reemerging coronaviruses and they may present serious epidemiological problems in the pork industry. All three emerging porcine gastrointestinal coronaviruse's were first identified in China. Rapid diagnosis and compliance with the principles of strict biosecurity protocols are essential in combating and preventing these infections in pigs.