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Virus contamination and infectivity in beach environment: Focus on sand and stranded material.
Carducci, Annalaura; Federigi, Ileana; Balestri, Elena; Lardicci, Claudio; Castelli, Alberto; Maltagliati, Ferruccio; Zhao, Hongrui; Menicagli, Virginia; Valente, Rossella; De Battisti, Davide; Verani, Marco.
  • Carducci A; Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
  • Federigi I; Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy. Electronic address: ileana.federigi@unipi.it.
  • Balestri E; Unit of Marine Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
  • Lardicci C; Department of Earth Sciences, University of Pisa, via S. Maria 53, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy.
  • Castelli A; Unit of Marine Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
  • Maltagliati F; Unit of Marine Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
  • Zhao H; Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
  • Menicagli V; Unit of Marine Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Center for Instrument Sharing University of Pisa (CISUP), Pisa, Italy.
  • Valente R; Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
  • De Battisti D; Unit of Marine Biology and Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy; Department of Biology, Chioggia Hydrobiological Station Umberto D'Ancona, University of Padova, Chioggia, Italy.
  • Verani M; Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Virology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Via S. Zeno 35/39, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Mar Pollut Bull ; 185(Pt B): 114342, 2022 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2119988
ABSTRACT
To assess the exposure of beachgoers to viruses, a study on seawater, sand, and beach-stranded material was carried out, searching for human viruses, fecal indicator organisms, and total fungi. Moreover, for the first time, the genome persistence and infectivity of two model viruses was studied in laboratory-spiked sand and seawater samples during a one-week experiment. Viral genome was detected in 13.6 % of the environmental samples, but it was not infectious (Human Adenovirus - HAdV, and enterovirus). Norovirus and SARS-CoV-2 were not detected. The most contaminated samples were from sand and close to riverine discharges. In lab-scale experiments, the infectivity of HAdV5 decreased by ~1.5-Log10 in a week, the one of Human Coronavirus-229E disappeared in <3 h in sand. The genome of both viruses persisted throughout the experiment. Our results confirm viral contamination of the beach and suggest HAdV as an index pathogen for beach monitoring and quantitative risk assessment.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Norovirus / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Mar Pollut Bull Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.marpolbul.2022.114342

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Norovirus / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Mar Pollut Bull Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.marpolbul.2022.114342