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Depression of Children and Adolescents
Progress in Health Sciences ; 12(2):1-9, 2022.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2125305
ABSTRACT
In turn, studies by Jellink and Snyder showed that MDD remains at 1-2% among children in the prepubertal period. [...]among adolescents, it increases to the level of 5-8%, which may suggest that the risk of developing the disease increases with age and adolescence Sexual [7]. According to Burmaher et al., 30-70% of children who experienced the first episode of depression will experience a second (or subsequent) episode in childhood, adolescence or adulthood [8]. Ravens-Sieberer et al [15] estimate that 24% of adolescents suffer from anxiety disorders (about 14% before the pandemic), and over 60% of children and adolescents may struggle with depression. other studies found that * report that one-third of 3- to 18-year-old children and adolescents were clingy, inattentive, irritable and worried (Jiao et al. 20020) [16] * found that 23% of second- to 6th-grade children had depressive symptoms and 19% had anxiety symptoms during the pandemic (Xie et al. 2020) [17] * report that 44% of 12- to 18-year-olds displayed depressive symptoms, 37% showed anxiety, and 31% had both types of symptoms while (Zhou et al. 2020) [18] * high levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms were recently replicated by (Duan et al. 2020) [19] * two non-representative studies from India with children and adolescents aged 5-18 years (Yeasmin et al 2002;Saurabh et al. 2020) [20,21] * one study from Brazil with children and adolescents from 6 to 12 years underline the negative impact of the pandemic on the mental health of children Garcia de Avila et al 2020) [22] * they found that children and adolescents experienced severe psychological distress, such as worries, helplessness, anxiety, and fear. [...]recent nationwide studies from the US reported worsening psychological well-being and behavioural health of children and adolescents compared to the time before the pandemic [Patrick et al 2020;Gassman-Pines et al 2020) [23,24] * two European studies from Italy and Spain found that irritability, and loneliness in children and adolescents increased during the COVID19 lockdown (Ezpeleta et al. 2020;Orgilés et al 2020) [25,26] and one non-representative survey among parents of German children and adolescents (Langmeyer et al 2020) [27]. If one of the monozygotic twins is depressed, the other is also at 70% risk of developing the disorder. * biochemical processes in the brain * the influence of the family atmosphere, including the abuse of alcohol or other psychoactive substances by family members, domestic violence, chronic illness of one of the parents, another family member or the child himself, loss of a loved one due to death or, for example, parents' divorce, mental and physical situations or sexual abuse by caregivers, chronic marital conflict of parents, neglect, lack of interest, hostility and emotional rejection, excessive parental control, overburdening the child with too much responsibility (child-parent change of roles), difficult financial situation and social isolation of the family, * the influence of the external environment - the social environment, stress caused by the child's school situation, including, for example, excessive demands made by teachers, the atmosphere of tension, hostility, lack of support, etc. in school or class, peer violence by teachers, school failures (e.g., failed exam), unfair grading * low self-esteem - a depressive child will explain negative, difficult events with its own constant properties, and thus it will judge self in an overly critical way.
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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: ProQuest Central Language: English Journal: Progress in Health Sciences Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Collection: Databases of international organizations Database: ProQuest Central Language: English Journal: Progress in Health Sciences Year: 2022 Document Type: Article