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Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and cross-variant neutralization capacity after the Omicron BA.2 wave in Geneva, Switzerland: A population-based study.
Zaballa, María-Eugenia; Perez-Saez, Javier; de Mestral, Carlos; Pullen, Nick; Lamour, Julien; Turelli, Priscilla; Raclot, Charlène; Baysson, Hélène; Pennacchio, Francesco; Villers, Jennifer; Duc, Julien; Richard, Viviane; Dumont, Roxane; Semaani, Claire; Loizeau, Andrea Jutta; Graindorge, Clément; Lorthe, Elsa; Balavoine, Jean-François; Pittet, Didier; Schibler, Manuel; Vuilleumier, Nicolas; Chappuis, François; Kherad, Omar; Azman, Andrew S; Posfay-Barbe, Klara M; Kaiser, Laurent; Trono, Didier; Stringhini, Silvia; Guessous, Idris.
  • Zaballa ME; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Perez-Saez J; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • de Mestral C; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
  • Pullen N; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lamour J; University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  • Turelli P; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Raclot C; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Baysson H; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  • Pennacchio F; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  • Villers J; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Duc J; Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Richard V; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Dumont R; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Semaani C; School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
  • Loizeau AJ; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Graindorge C; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Lorthe E; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Balavoine JF; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Pittet D; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Schibler M; Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Vuilleumier N; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Chappuis F; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kherad O; Infection Control Program and World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Azman AS; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Posfay-Barbe KM; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Kaiser L; Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Diagnostics, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Trono D; Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Stringhini S; Division and Department of Primary Care Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • Guessous I; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Lancet Reg Health Eur ; : 100547, 2022 Dec 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2246651
ABSTRACT

Background:

More than two years into the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the population has developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from infection and/or vaccination. However, public health decision-making is hindered by the lack of up-to-date and precise characterization of the immune landscape in the population. Here, we estimated anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies seroprevalence and cross-variant neutralization capacity after Omicron became dominant in Geneva, Switzerland.

Methods:

We conducted a population-based serosurvey between April 29 and June 9, 2022, recruiting children and adults of all ages from age-stratified random samples of the general population of Geneva, Switzerland. We tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using commercial immunoassays targeting either the spike (S) or nucleocapsid (N) protein, and for antibody neutralization capacity against different SARS-CoV-2 variants using a cell-free Spike trimer-ACE2 binding-based surrogate neutralization assay. We estimated seroprevalence and neutralization capacity using a Bayesian modeling framework accounting for the demographics, vaccination, and infection statuses of the Geneva population.

Findings:

Among the 2521 individuals included in the analysis, the estimated total antibodies seroprevalence was 93.8% (95% CrI 93.1-94.5), including 72.4% (70.0-74.7) for infection-induced antibodies. Estimates of neutralizing antibodies in a representative subsample (N = 1160) ranged from 79.5% (77.1-81.8) against the Alpha variant to 46.7% (43.0-50.4) against the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 subvariants. Despite having high seroprevalence of infection-induced antibodies (76.7% [69.7-83.0] for ages 0-5 years, 90.5% [86.5-94.1] for ages 6-11 years), children aged <12 years had substantially lower neutralizing activity than older participants, particularly against Omicron subvariants. Overall, vaccination was associated with higher neutralizing activity against pre-Omicron variants. Vaccine booster alongside recent infection was associated with higher neutralizing activity against Omicron subvariants.

Interpretation:

While most of the Geneva population has developed anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies through vaccination and/or infection, less than half has neutralizing activity against the currently circulating Omicron BA.5 subvariant. Hybrid immunity obtained through booster vaccination and infection confers the greatest neutralization capacity, including against Omicron.

Funding:

General Directorate of Health in Geneva canton, Private Foundation of the Geneva University Hospitals, European Commission ("CoVICIS" grant), and a private foundation advised by CARIGEST SA.
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Language: English Journal: Lancet Reg Health Eur Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.lanepe.2022.100547

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Language: English Journal: Lancet Reg Health Eur Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.lanepe.2022.100547