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Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and uptake in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.
Deml, Michael J; Githaiga, Jennifer Nyawira.
  • Deml MJ; Institute of Sociological Research, Department of Sociology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland michaeljdeml@gmail.com.
  • Githaiga JN; Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
BMJ Open ; 12(11): e066615, 2022 11 18.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2137792
ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:

To identify, describe and map the research tools used to measure COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, refusal, acceptance and access in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

DESIGN:

Scoping review.

METHODS:

In March 2022, we searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Academic Search Premier, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Health Source Nursing, Africa Wide and APA PsychInfo for peer-reviewed literature in English related to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, refusal, acceptance and access in SSA. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews to guide evidence gathering and as a template to present the evidence retrieval process.

RESULTS:

In the studies selected for review (n=72), several measurement tools were used to measure COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, acceptance and refusal. These measurements were willingness and intent to vaccinate from the perspectives of the general population, special population groups such as mothers, students and staff in academic institutions and healthcare workers and uptake as a proxy for measuring assumed COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Measurements of access to COVID-19 vaccination were cost and affordability, convenience, distance and time to travel or time waiting for a vaccine and (dis)comfort. Although all studies measured COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, acceptance and refusal, relatively few studies (n=16, 22.2%) included explicit measurements of access to COVID-19 vaccination.

CONCLUSIONS:

Based on the gaps identified in the scoping review, we propose that future research on determinants of COVID-19 vaccination in SSA should further prioritise the inclusion of access-related variables. We recommend the development and use of standardised research tools that can operationalise, measure and disentangle the complex determinants of vaccine uptake in future studies throughout SSA and other low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2022-066615

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews / Systematic review/Meta Analysis Topics: Vaccines Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Africa Language: English Journal: BMJ Open Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Bmjopen-2022-066615