Common Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

ABSTRACT

In the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines have emerged as the most effective tool to protect people from COVID-19. However, there is a limited study of adverse events (AEs) for COVID-19 vaccines among people with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study is to report the common adverse events following the COVID-19 vaccines, mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and JNJ-78436735 in diabetic patients. We collected data for common adverse events to the COVID-19 vaccines using Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). To identify the people with and without diabetes, we used the Natural language processing algorithms. After a 13 propensity score matching, we used 6,829 people with type 2 diabetes and 20,487 healthy control groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain the odds ratio for 25 common AEs in order of high frequency. The most common AEs were pain (17.9%), headache (16.6%), pyrexia (13.4%), chills (12.4%), fatigue (12.0%), dizziness (11.0%). In particular, AEs of the dysmenorrhea in women were rare (0.14%), but a 15-fold higher frequency was observed in patients with diabetes (0.45% versus 0.03%) than in those with controls. The risk of all common AEs following both mRNA vaccines was significantly lower (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77–0.97, P = 0.015) than that after one viral vector vaccine, as well as the risk among males (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.53–0.59, P < 0.001) was lower than among females. In conclusion, the risk of common adverse events among people with type 2 diabetes was low after both mRNA vaccines and in males. These findings might have implications for safe vaccine use. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.