CO2 Levels in the Naso-Buccal Area Due to the Use of Different Face Masks in Different Ventilation Conditions

ABSTRACT

In this work, CO2 levels were estimated in the naso-buccal area due to the use of face masks. Tests were performed on a healthy volunteer subject sitting at rest and breathing regularly, who used five types of face masks in well-ventilated and poorly ventilated rooms. The ventilation conditions were determined by the natural ventilation of the room. Each of the tests lasted one hour. To estimate the CO2 level, a sensor based on the Non-dispersive Infrared (NDIR) principle was used. The results revealed that while wearing a face mask, the ventilation conditions affected the CO2 concentration levels in the naso-buccal area of the user, especially in those that offered a higher level of protection, and in those that best fit the face of the subject. A multiple comparison method (Tukey) revealed significant differences in the levels of CO2 between all the facemask tested (p < 0.0001). The CO2 levels were also compared with the exposure limits recommended by NIOSH, showing that the use of N95 for 1 h exceeded the recommended 5,000 ppm for an 8-h workday. None of the masks tested exceeded the NIOSH-recommended short-term limit in the first 15 min of use. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.