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Racism, xenophobia, and discrimination: mapping pathways to health outcomes.
Selvarajah, Sujitha; Corona Maioli, Susanna; Deivanayagam, Thilagawathi Abi; de Morais Sato, Priscila; Devakumar, Delan; Kim, Seung-Sup; Wells, Jonathan C; Yoseph, Marcella; Abubakar, Ibrahim; Paradies, Yin.
  • Selvarajah S; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; St George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. Electronic address: sujitha.selvarajah@ucl.ac.uk.
  • Corona Maioli S; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
  • Deivanayagam TA; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK; Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
  • de Morais Sato P; School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Devakumar D; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
  • Kim SS; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Wells JC; University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
  • Yoseph M; Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Sir Ketumile Masire Teaching Hospital, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana.
  • Abubakar I; Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK.
  • Paradies Y; Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Melbourne VIC, Australia.
Lancet ; 400(10368): 2109-2124, 2022 Dec 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2150850
ABSTRACT
Despite being globally pervasive, racism, xenophobia, and discrimination are not universally recognised determinants of health. We challenge widespread beliefs related to the inevitability of increased mortality and morbidity associated with particular ethnicities and minoritised groups. In refuting that racial categories have a genetic basis and acknowledging that socioeconomic factors offer incomplete explanations in understanding these health disparities, we examine the pathways by which discrimination based on caste, ethnicity, Indigeneity, migratory status, race, religion, and skin colour affect health. Discrimination based on these categories, although having many unique historical and cultural contexts, operates in the same way, with overlapping pathways and health effects. We synthesise how such discrimination affects health systems, spatial determination, and communities, and how these processes manifest at the individual level, across the life course, and intergenerationally. We explore how individuals respond to and internalise these complex mechanisms psychologically, behaviourally, and physiologically. The evidence shows that racism, xenophobia, and discrimination affect a range of health outcomes across all ages around the world, and remain embedded within the universal challenges we face, from COVID-19 to the climate emergency.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Racism / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Lancet Year: 2022 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Racism / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Lancet Year: 2022 Document Type: Article