T-cell responses induced by ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine to wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 among people with and without HIV in South Africa.
AIDS
; 37(1): 105-112, 2023 01 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2243263
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES:
This study aimed to investigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T-cell responses 14âdays after single-dose ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccination in black Africans with and without HIV in South Africa, as well as determine the effect of AZD1222 vaccination on cell-mediated immune responses in people with HIV (PWH) with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection.METHODS:
A total of 70 HIV-uninfected people and 104 PWH were prospectively enrolled in the multicentre, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase Ib/IIa trial (COV005). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from trial participants 14âdays after receipt of first dose of study treatment (placebo or AZD1222 vaccine). T-cell responses against the full-length spike (FLS) glycoprotein of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and mutated S-protein regions found in the Alpha, Beta and Delta variants were assessed using an ex-vivo ELISpot assay.RESULTS:
Among AZD1222 recipients without preceding SARS-CoV-2 infection, T-cell responses to FLS of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were similarly common in PWH and HIV-uninfected people (30/33, 90.9% vs. 16/21, 76.2%; Pâ=â0.138); and magnitude of response was similar among responders (78 vs. 56 SFCs/106 PBMCs; Pâ=â0.255). Among PWH, AZD1222 vaccinees with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, displayed a heightened T-cell response magnitude compared with those without prior infection (186 vs. 78âSFCs/106 PBMCs; Pâ=â0.001); and similar response rate (14/14, 100% vs. 30/33, 90.9%; Pâ=â0.244).CONCLUSION:
Our results indicate comparable T-cell responses following AZD1222 vaccination in HIV-uninfected people and PWH on stable antiretroviral therapy. Our results additionally show that hybrid immunity acquired through SARS-CoV-2 infection and AZD1222 vaccination, induce a heightened T-cell response.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Vaccines
/
HIV Infections
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Experimental Studies
/
Randomized controlled trials
Topics:
Long Covid
/
Vaccines
/
Variants
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
AIDS
Journal subject:
SINDROME DA IMUNODEFICIENCIA ADQUIRIDA (AIDS)
Year:
2023
Document Type:
Article
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