COVID-19 Vaccination a Cause of Guillain-Barré Syndrome? A Case Series.

ABSTRACT

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune neuropathic disorder of peripheral nerves usually following an infection or on rarer occasions following vaccinations, but the exact underlying pathophysiology is still unclear. The most common etiology of GBS is a bacterial infection caused by Campylobacter jejuni. Viral infections like Zika virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and Cytomegalovirus also add to the list of GBS etiology. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has also been reported to cause GBS. Vaccines like the rabies vaccine, influenza vaccine, and poliovirus vaccine account for a very small fraction of Guillain-Barré syndrome. GBS as an adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccination was not reported by the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), but an update was later released in the course of the pandemic from FDA news, reporting several patients developing GBS after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. In this case series, we discuss five cases that developed the GBS post-COVID-19 AstraZeneca vaccine, along with its pathophysiology, management, and outcome.