Burden and seasonality of primary and secondary symptomatic common cold coronavirus infections in Nicaraguan children.
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
; 17(1): e13078, 2023 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2161657
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlights the need for an increased understanding of coronavirus epidemiology. In a pediatric cohort in Nicaragua, we evaluate the seasonality and burden of common cold coronavirus (ccCoV) infection and evaluate likelihood of symptoms in reinfections.METHODS:
Children presenting with symptoms of respiratory illness were tested for each of the four ccCoVs (NL63, 229E, OC43, and HKU1). Annual blood samples collected before ccCoV infection were tested for antibodies against each ccCoV. Seasonality was evaluated using wavelet and generalized additive model (GAM) analyses, and age-period effects were investigated using a Poisson model. We also evaluate the risk of symptom presentation between primary and secondary infections.RESULTS:
In our cohort of 2576 children from 2011 to 2016, we observed 595 ccCoV infections and 107 cases of ccCoV-associated lower respiratory infection (LRI). The overall incidence rate was 61.1 per 1000 person years (95% confidence interval (CI) 56.3, 66.2). Children under two had the highest incidence of ccCoV infections and associated LRI. ccCoV incidence rapidly decreases until about age 6. Each ccCoV circulated throughout the year and demonstrated annual periodicity. Peaks of NL63 typically occurred 3 months before 229E peaks and 6 months after OC43 peaks. Approximately 69% of symptomatic ccCoV infections were secondary infections. There was slightly lower risk (rate ratio (RR) 0.90, 95% CI 0.83, 0.97) of LRI between secondary and primary ccCoV infections among participants under the age of 5.CONCLUSIONS:
ccCoV spreads annually among children with the greatest burden among ages 0-1. Reinfection is common; prior infection is associated with slight protection against LRI among the youngest children.Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Respiratory Tract Infections
/
Common Cold
/
Coinfection
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Experimental Studies
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Limits:
Child
/
Humans
/
Infant
/
Infant, Newborn
Country/Region as subject:
Central America
/
Nicaragua
Language:
English
Journal:
Influenza Other Respir Viruses
Journal subject:
Virology
Year:
2023
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
Irv.13086
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