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Added value of the measles-rubella supplementary immunization activity in reaching unvaccinated and under-vaccinated children, a cross-sectional study in five Indian districts, 2018-20.
Prosperi, C; Thangaraj, J W V; Hasan, A Z; Kumar, M S; Truelove, S; Kumar, V S; Winter, A K; Bansal, A K; Chauhan, S L; Grover, G S; Jain, A K; Kulkarni, R N; Sharma, S K; Soman, B; Chaaithanya, I K; Kharwal, S; Mishra, S K; Salvi, N R; Sharma, N P; Sharma, S; Varghese, A; Sabarinathan, R; Duraiswamy, A; Rani, D S; Kanagasabai, K; Lachyan, A; Gawali, P; Kapoor, M; Chonker, S K; Cutts, F T; Sangal, L; Mehendale, S M; Sapkal, G N; Gupta, N; Hayford, K; Moss, W J; Murhekar, M V.
  • Prosperi C; International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Thangaraj JWV; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Hasan AZ; International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Kumar MS; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Truelove S; International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Kumar VS; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Winter AK; International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Bansal AK; ICMR-National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India.
  • Chauhan SL; ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (NIRRCH), Mumbai, India.
  • Grover GS; Directorate of Health Services, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh, India.
  • Jain AK; ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India.
  • Kulkarni RN; ICMR- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (NIRRCH), Mumbai, India.
  • Sharma SK; ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, NE Region, Dibrugarh, India.
  • Soman B; Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
  • Chaaithanya IK; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Dahanu, Maharashtra, India.
  • Kharwal S; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India.
  • Mishra SK; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Hoshiarpur, Punjab, India.
  • Salvi NR; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Dahanu, Maharashtra, India.
  • Sharma NP; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Chabua, Assam, India.
  • Sharma S; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  • Varghese A; Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
  • Sabarinathan R; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Duraiswamy A; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Rani DS; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Kanagasabai K; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
  • Lachyan A; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Dahanu, Maharashtra, India.
  • Gawali P; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Dahanu, Maharashtra, India.
  • Kapoor M; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Dahanu, Maharashtra, India.
  • Chonker SK; Department of Health Research, Model Rural Health Research Unit-Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
  • Cutts FT; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
  • Sangal L; World Health Organization, Southeast Asia Region Office, New Delhi, India.
  • Mehendale SM; PD Hinduja Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
  • Sapkal GN; ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, India.
  • Gupta N; Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India.
  • Hayford K; International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
  • Moss WJ; International Vaccine Access Center, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: wmoss1@jhu.edu.
  • Murhekar MV; Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India.
Vaccine ; 41(2): 486-495, 2023 01 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2184268
ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION:

Supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) aim to interrupt measles transmission by reaching susceptible children, including children who have not received the recommended two routine doses of MCV before the SIA. However, both strategies may miss the same children if vaccine doses are highly correlated. How well SIAs reach children missed by routine immunization is a key metric in assessing the added value of SIAs.

METHODS:

Children aged 9 months to younger than 5 years were enrolled in cross-sectional household serosurveys conducted in five districts in India following the 2017-2019 measles-rubella (MR) SIA. History of measles containing vaccine (MCV) through routine services or SIA was obtained from documents and verbal recall. Receipt of a first or second MCV dose during the SIA was categorized as "added value" of the SIA in reaching un- and under-vaccinated children.

RESULTS:

A total of 1,675 children were enrolled in these post-SIA surveys. The percentage of children receiving a 1st or 2nd dose through the SIA ranged from 12.8% in Thiruvananthapuram District to 48.6% in Dibrugarh District. Although the number of zero-dose children prior to the SIA was small in most sites, the proportion reached by the SIA ranged from 45.8% in Thiruvananthapuram District to 94.9% in Dibrugarh District. Fewer than 7% of children remained measles zero-dose after the MR SIA (range 1.1-6.4%) compared to up to 28% before the SIA (range 7.3-28.1%).

DISCUSSION:

We demonstrated the MR SIA provided considerable added value in terms of measles vaccination coverage, although there was variability across districts due to differences in routine and SIA coverage, and which children were reached by the SIA. Metrics evaluating the added value of an SIA can help to inform the design of vaccination strategies to better reach zero-dose or undervaccinated children.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Rubella / Measles Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Child / Humans / Infant Language: English Journal: Vaccine Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.vaccine.2022.11.010

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Rubella / Measles Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Limits: Child / Humans / Infant Language: English Journal: Vaccine Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.vaccine.2022.11.010