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Long-Term Accuracy of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Interferon-γ Release Assay and Its Application in Household Investigation.
Murugesan, Kanagavel; Jagannathan, Prasanna; Altamirano, Jonathan; Maldonado, Yvonne A; Bonilla, Hector F; Jacobson, Karen B; Parsonnet, Julie; Andrews, Jason R; Shi, Run Zhang; Boyd, Scott; Pinsky, Benjamin A; Singh, Upinder; Banaei, Niaz.
  • Murugesan K; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Jagannathan P; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Altamirano J; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Maldonado YA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Bonilla HF; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Jacobson KB; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Parsonnet J; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Andrews JR; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Shi RZ; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Boyd S; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Pinsky BA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Singh U; Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.
  • Banaei N; Clinical Virology Laboratory, Stanford Health Care, Stanford, California, USA.
Clin Infect Dis ; 75(1): e314-e321, 2022 08 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2188494
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

An immunodiagnostic assay that sensitively detects a cell-mediated immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is needed for epidemiological investigation and for clinical assessment of T- cell-mediated immune response to vaccines, particularly in the context of emerging variants that might escape antibody responses.

METHODS:

The performance of a whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific T cells was evaluated in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescents tested serially up to 10 months post-infection and in healthy blood donors. SARS-CoV-2 IGRA was applied in contacts of households with index cases. Freshly collected blood in the lithium heparin tube was left unstimulated, stimulated with a SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool, and stimulated with mitogen.

RESULTS:

The overall sensitivity and specificity of IGRA were 84.5% (153/181; 95% confidence interval [CI] 79.0-89.0) and 86.6% (123/142; 95% CI 80.0-91.2), respectively. The sensitivity declined from 100% (16/16; 95% CI 80.6-100) at 0.5-month post-infection to 79.5% (31/39; 95% CI 64.4-89.2) at 10 months post-infection (P < .01). The IFN-γ response remained relatively robust at 10 months post-infection (3.8 vs 1.3 IU/mL, respectively). In 14 households, IGRA showed a positivity rate of 100% (12/12) and 65.2% (15/23), and IgG of 50.0% (6/12) and 43.5% (10/23) in index cases and contacts, respectively, exhibiting a difference of + 50% (95% CI +25.4 to +74.6) and +21.7% (95% CI +9.23 to +42.3), respectively. Either IGRA or IgG was positive in 100% (12/12) of index cases and 73.9% (17/23) of contacts.

CONCLUSIONS:

The SARS-CoV-2 IGRA is a useful clinical diagnostic tool for assessing cell-mediated immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Diagnostic study / Experimental Studies / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Clin Infect Dis Journal subject: Communicable Diseases Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Cid