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Comparative effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA-based booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections: a time-varying cohort analysis using trial emulation in the Virus Watch community cohort.
Nguyen, Vincent Grigori; Yavlinsky, Alexei; Beale, Sarah; Hoskins, Susan; Byrne, Thomas E; Lampos, Vasileios; Braithwaite, Isobel; Fong, Wing Lam Erica; Fragaszy, Ellen; Geismar, Cyril; Kovar, Jana; Navaratnam, Annalan M D; Patel, Parth; Shrotri, Madhumita; Weber, Sophie; Hayward, Andrew C; Aldridge, Robert W.
  • Nguyen VG; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Yavlinsky A; Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK.
  • Beale S; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Hoskins S; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Byrne TE; Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK.
  • Lampos V; Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK.
  • Braithwaite I; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Fong WLE; Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, UK.
  • Fragaszy E; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Geismar C; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Kovar J; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Navaratnam AMD; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
  • Patel P; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Shrotri M; Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK.
  • Weber S; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Hayward AC; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
  • Aldridge RW; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
Int J Epidemiol ; 52(2): 342-354, 2023 04 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2189115
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

The Omicron B.1.1.529 variant increased severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in doubly vaccinated individuals, particularly in the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1) recipients. To tackle infections, the UK's booster vaccination programmes used messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines irrespective of an individual's primary course vaccine type, and prioritized the clinically vulnerable. These mRNA vaccines included the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1273). There is limited understanding of the effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections and how time-varying confounders affect these evaluations.

METHODS:

Trial emulation was applied to a prospective community observational cohort in England and Wales to reduce time-varying confounding-by-indication driven by prioritizing vaccination based upon age, vulnerability and exposure. Trial emulation was conducted by meta-analysing eight adult cohort results whose booster vaccinations were staggered between 16 September 2021 and 05 January 2022 and followed until 23 January 2022. Time from booster vaccination until SARS-CoV-2 infection, loss of follow-up or end of study was modelled using Cox proportional hazard models and adjusted for age, sex, minority ethnic status, clinically vulnerability and deprivation.

RESULTS:

A total of 19 159 participants were analysed, with 11 709 ChAdOx1 primary courses and 7450 BNT162b2 primary courses. Median age, clinical vulnerability status and infection rates fluctuate through time. In mRNA-boosted adults, 7.4% (n = 863) of boosted adults with a ChAdOx1 primary course experienced a SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with 7.7% (n = 571) of those who had BNT162b2 as a primary course. The pooled adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) was 1.01 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.90 to 1.13.

CONCLUSION:

After an mRNA booster dose, we found no difference in protection comparing those with a primary course of BNT162b2 with those with a ChAdOx1 primary course. This contrasts with pre-booster findings where previous research shows greater effectiveness of BNT162b2 than ChAdOx1 in preventing infection.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Adult / Humans Language: English Journal: Int J Epidemiol Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ije

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials / Reviews Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Adult / Humans Language: English Journal: Int J Epidemiol Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ije