Pathophysiologic Mechanism of Hematological Abnormalities in COVID-19 Patients and its Implication in the Prognosis and Disease Severity: A Retrospective Study in a Tertiary Care COVID Hospital

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Worldwide there was recent outbreak of a novel Corona Virus infection i.e. SARS COV19. Although it involves primarily the pulmonary system other systems like Cardiovascular, renal, neurological, hematological systems are also significantly involved by SARS COV19 infection. Aim(s) In this study our aim was to analyze the pathophysiologic mechanism of hematological abnormalities in COVID-19 patients and its role in risk stratification, severity & prognosis of the disease. Material(s) and Method(s) In this study we have analyzed the clinical presentation and pathological laboratory results of hematological abnormalities retrospectively from previous records of COVID-19 patients admitted to our hospital. All the hematological parameters i.e. changes in Hb%, WBC Count, Platelet Count and Coagulation Profile parameters i.e. PT-INR, aPPT& D-dimer were analyzed and correlated with the disease severity and its prognosis. Statistical analysis was done be x2 test. Result(s) In our study the most common hematological abnormality was Lymphopenia followed by Leukocytosis and majority of the patient were >60 Yrs. age with male predominance. Conclusion(s) Among all the hematological abnormalities coagulation parameter D-dimer (elevated levels) are most significantly associated with disease severity. Among the other hematological abnormalities the most common abnormality was Lymphopenia which along with combined features of Anemia, Leukocytosis andNeutrophilia were also significantly associated with disease severity. So, monitoring & evaluation of hematological parameters could be a crucial step towards risk stratification & management of COVID-19 patients. Copyright © 2023, Institute of Medico-legal Publication. All rights reserved.