S-08-04 High-dimensional approaches for immune profiling of 2D materials: towards safe-by-design

ABSTRACT

Understanding the impact of nanomaterials on the immune system is of paramount importance. We recently proposed the "nano-immunity-by-design" approach according to which the characterization of 2D nanomaterials is based not only on their physicochemical parameters but also on immune profiling. Immune profiling can be performed using high-dimensional approaches such as single-cell mass cytometry on graphene and other 2D materials including transition metal carbides/carbonitrides (MXenes). Our studies revealed that amino functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) increased the immune compatibility of this material (Orecchioni et al. Nat Commun. 2017). Moreover, by functionalizing GO with AgInS2 nanocrystals, detection by single-cell mass cytometry was enabled in a large variety of primary immune cells (Orecchioni et al. Small. 2020). Recently, we reported on the immune modulation by Mxenes, including Ti3C2Tx, in combination with their antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2 by using single-cell mass cytometry and other high-dimensional approaches (Unal et al. Nano Today. 2021). The present talk will also cover recent (unpublished) findings from the EU-funded projects, G-IMMUNOMICS and CARBO-IMmap, on a variety of 2D materials, including Mxenes, MoS2, WS2, and other materials, on human immune cells as well as in murine and porcine models. Our results illustrate that the chemical and immunological design of 2D materials offers new strategies for their safe exploitation in medicine. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V.