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A new PEDV strain CH/HLJJS/2022 can challenge current detection methods and vaccines.
Yao, Xin; Qiao, Wen-Ting; Zhang, Yu-Qian; Lu, Wei-Hong; Wang, Zhen-Wei; Li, Hui-Xin; Li, Jin-Long.
  • Yao X; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
  • Qiao WT; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
  • Zhang YQ; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
  • Lu WH; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
  • Wang ZW; Qianyuanhao Biological Co. Ltd., Beijng, 100070, People's Republic of China.
  • Li HX; Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China. lihuixin@caas.cn.
  • Li JL; College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China. Jinlongli@neau.edu.cn.
Virol J ; 20(1): 13, 2023 01 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2214603
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) variant strains cause great economic losses to the global swine industry. However, vaccines do not provide sufficient protection against currently circulating strains due to viral mutations. This study traced the molecular characteristics of the most recent isolates in China and aimed to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of PEDV.

METHODS:

We obtained samples from a Chinese diarrheal swine farm in 2022. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence were used to determine the etiology, and the full-length PEDV genome was sequenced. Nucleotide similarity was calculated using MEGA to construct a phylogenetic tree and DNASTAR. Mutant amino acids were aligned using DNAMAN and modeled by SWISS-MODEL, Phyre2 and FirstGlance in JMOL for protein tertiary structure simulation. Additionally, TMHMM was used for protein function prediction.

RESULTS:

A PEDV virulent strain CH/HLJJS/2022 was successfully isolated in China. A genome-wide based phylogenetic analysis suggests that it belongs to the GII subtype, and 96.1-98.9% homology existed in the whole genomes of other strains. For the first time, simultaneous mutations of four amino acids were found in the highly conserved membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, as well as eight amino acid mutations that differed from the vast majority of strains in the spike (S) protein. Three of the mutations alter the S-protein spatial structure. In addition, typing markers exist during strain evolution, but isolates are using the fusion of specific amino acids from multiple variant strains to add additional features, as also demonstrated by protein alignments and 3D models of numerous subtype strains.

CONCLUSION:

The newly isolated prevalent strain CH/HLJJS/2022 belonged to the GII subtype, and thirteen mutations different from other strains were found, including mutations in the highly conserved m and N proteins, and in the S1° and COE neutralizing epitopes of the S protein. PEDV is breaking through original cognitions and moving on a more complex path. Surveillance for PEDV now and in the future and improvements derived from mutant strain vaccines are highly warranted.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Swine Diseases / Viral Vaccines / Coronavirus Infections / Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Animals Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Virol J Journal subject: Virology Year: 2023 Document Type: Article

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Swine Diseases / Viral Vaccines / Coronavirus Infections / Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Type of study: Diagnostic study / Etiology study / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Animals Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Virol J Journal subject: Virology Year: 2023 Document Type: Article