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Emotional Appetite Questionnaire: psychometric properties in Brazilian adult samples before and after the COVID-19 pandemic onset.
Martins, Bianca G; Vanini, Nadine V; Campos, Lucas A; Campos, Juliana Adb.
  • Martins BG; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Vanini NV; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Campos LA; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.
  • Campos JA; Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.
PeerJ ; 11: e14597, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2217518
ABSTRACT

Background:

Appetite represents a desire of a person to eat specific food in order to reach satisfaction and pleasure states. This desire may be associated with the experience of negative or positive emotions (emotional appetite). Emotional appetite can influence eating behavior, and its investigation is relevant to avoid possible damage to health resulting from a disordered eating.

Objectives:

To adapt the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire (EMAQ) to the Portuguese language; to assess the validity and reliability of the data; and to assess emotional appetite in three samples of adults collected before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

This is a cross-sectional study with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The Portuguese version of the EMAQ was presented after translation, back-translation, and content analysis. Two studies were conducted, the first before and the second after the pandemic onset. Three samples were formed (2019 Sample 1 (age = 19.7 ± 1.5 years) n = 323; 2020 Sample 2 (age = 21.3 ± 1.8 years) n = 1,011; and Sample 3 (age = 28.9 ± 3.1 years) n = 909). An exploratory strategy with parallel analysis was performed. The analyses were conducted in FACTOR and R (lavaan and semTools packages) software. After determining the best-fit model for the data, emotional appetite was examined considering decrease, non-alteration, and increase in appetite in the face of positive and negative emotions/situations. The profile of emotional appetite was determined using a circumplex model.

Results:

The two-factor model described by the valence of emotions/situations fitted the samples (Comparative Fit Indexminimum-maximum = 0.95-0.98; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.94-0.98; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.03-0.08; αord = 0.78-0.88). Increases in appetite were more frequent for positive emotions/situations (52.0-57.5%), and both decreases (35.4-44.5%) and increases (50.0-56.2%) in appetite were observed for negative emotions/situations. Emotions with negative valence and activation were more relevant to appetite reduction, while a significant increase in appetite was observed with anxiety (negative valence and positive activation).

Conclusion:

Different emotions and situations may influence appetite in people, and such an investigation may be useful in preparing eating protocols.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Humans / Young adult Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: PeerJ Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Peerj.14597

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Pandemics / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Qualitative research / Randomized controlled trials Limits: Adolescent / Adult / Humans / Young adult Country/Region as subject: South America / Brazil Language: English Journal: PeerJ Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Peerj.14597