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A potential association between obesity and reduced effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine-induced neutralizing humoral immunity.
Faizo, Arwa A; Qashqari, Fadi S; El-Kafrawy, Sherif A; Barasheed, Osamah; Almashjary, Majed N; Alfelali, Mohammed; Bawazir, Asma A; Albarakati, Boshra M; Khayyat, Soud A; Hassan, Ahmed M; Alandijany, Thamir A; Azhar, Esam I.
  • Faizo AA; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Qashqari FS; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • El-Kafrawy SA; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Barasheed O; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Almashjary MN; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alfelali M; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Bawazir AA; Department of Research and Innovation, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Albarakati BM; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Khayyat SA; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Hassan AM; Hematology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alandijany TA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia.
  • Azhar EI; Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
J Med Virol ; 2022 Sep 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2229856
ABSTRACT
Due to the adverse effects of obesity on host immunity, this study investigated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2, ChAdOx-nCov-2019, and mRNA-1273) in inducing anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) neutralizing antibodies among individuals with various obesity classes (class I, II, III, and super obesity). Sera from vaccinated obese individuals (n = 73) and normal BMI controls (n = 46) were subjected to S-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum-neutralization test (SNT) to determine the prevalence and titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nucleocapsid-ELISA was also utilized to distinguish between immunity acquired via vaccination only versus vaccination plus recovery from infection. Data were linked to participant demographics including age, gender, past COVID-19 diagnosis, and COVID-19 vaccination profile. S-based ELISA demonstrated high seroprevalence rates (>97%) in the study and control groups whether samples with evidence of past infection were included or excluded. Interestingly, however, SNT demonstrated a slightly significant reduction in both the rate and titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies among vaccinated obese individuals (60/73; 82.19%) compared to controls (45/46; 97.83%). The observed reduction in COVID-19 vaccine-induced neutralizing humoral immunity among obese individuals occurs independently of gender, recovery from past infection, and period from last vaccination. Our data suggest that COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective humoral immunity. This effectiveness, however, is potentially reduced among obese individuals which highlight the importance of booster doses to improve their neutralizing immunity. Further investigations on larger sample size remain necessary to comprehensively conclude about the effect of obesity on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness on humoral immunity induction.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jmv.28130

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jmv.28130