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Dysregulated Levels of Circulating Autoantibodies against Neuronal and Nervous System Autoantigens in COVID-19 Patients.
Lavi, Yael; Vojdani, Aristo; Halpert, Gilad; Sharif, Kassem; Ostrinski, Yuri; Zyskind, Israel; Lattin, Miriam T; Zimmerman, Jason; Silverberg, Jonathan I; Rosenberg, Avi Z; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Amital, Howard.
  • Lavi Y; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
  • Vojdani A; Immunosciences Lab, Inc., Los Angeles, CA 90035, USA.
  • Halpert G; Cyrex Laboratories, LLC, Phoenix, AZ 85034, USA.
  • Sharif K; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
  • Ostrinski Y; Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel.
  • Zyskind I; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
  • Lattin MT; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
  • Zimmerman J; Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel.
  • Silverberg JI; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Affiliated with the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
  • Rosenberg AZ; Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
  • Shoenfeld Y; Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA.
  • Amital H; Department of Biology, Yeshiva University, New York, NY 10461, USA.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 13(4)2023 Feb 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2232293
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

COVID-19 is a heterogenous disease resulting in long-term sequela in predisposed individuals. It is not uncommon that recovering patients endure non-respiratory ill-defined manifestations, including anosmia, and neurological and cognitive deficit persisting beyond recovery-a constellation of conditions that are grouped under the umbrella of long-term COVID-19 syndrome. Association between COVID-19 and autoimmune responses in predisposed individuals was shown in several studies. AIM AND

METHODS:

To investigate autoimmune responses against neuronal and CNS autoantigens in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, we performed a cross-sectional study with 246 participants, including 169 COVID-19 patients and 77 controls. Levels of antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor, glutamate receptor, amyloid ß peptide, alpha-synucleins, dopamine 1 receptor, dopamine 2 receptor, tau protein, GAD-65, N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, BDNF, cerebellar, ganglioside, myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, S100-B, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and enteric nerve were measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Circulating levels of autoantibodies were compared between healthy controls and COVID-19 patients and then classified by disease severity (mild [n = 74], severe [n = 65], and requiring supplemental oxygen [n = 32]).

RESULTS:

COVID-19 patients were found to have dysregulated autoantibody levels correlating with the disease severity, e.g., IgG to dopamine 1 receptor, NMDA receptors, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Elevated levels of IgA autoantibodies against amyloid ß peptide, acetylcholine receptor, dopamine 2 receptor, myelin basic protein, and α-synuclein were detected in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy controls. Lower IgA autoantibody levels against NMDA receptors, and IgG autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, amyloid ß peptide, tau protein, enteric nerve, and S100-B were detected in COVID-19 patients versus healthy controls. Some of these antibodies have known clinical correlations with symptoms commonly reported in the long COVID-19 syndrome.

CONCLUSIONS:

Overall, our study shows a widespread dysregulation in the titer of various autoantibodies against neuronal and CNS-related autoantigens in convalescent COVID-19 patients. Further research is needed to provide insight into the association between these neuronal autoantibodies and the enigmatic neurological and psychological symptoms reported in COVID-19 patients.
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid Language: English Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Diagnostics13040687

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid Language: English Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Diagnostics13040687