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A Longitudinal Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Antibody Response in a Subset of United States Blood Donors.
Tonnetti, Laura; Dodd, Roger Y; Burke, Donna D; Saá, Paula; Spencer, Bryan R; Xu, Meng; Haynes, James M; Stramer, Susan L.
  • Tonnetti L; Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • Dodd RY; Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • Burke DD; Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
  • Saá P; Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • Spencer BR; Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Dedham, Massachusetts, USA.
  • Xu M; Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • Haynes JM; Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
  • Stramer SL; Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Open Forum Infect Dis ; 10(2): ofac697, 2023 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2236339
ABSTRACT

Background:

Blood donors were tested for antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); resulting antibody levels were monitored over time.

Methods:

Donors reactive to anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1-total antibodies) participated in a follow-up study of 18 months. Testing for nucleocapsid antibodies distinguished between vaccination and infection. Vaccination and symptom information were collected for anti-S1-reactive donors by completing a survey.

Results:

The majority of 249 followed donors were over 60 years old (54%), White (90%), and female (58%); 83% had not been vaccinated at enrollment, but by study completion, only 29% remained nonvaccinated. Of the 210 (84%) anti-N-reactive donors, 138 (66%) reported vaccination, whereas 37 (95%) of donors vaccinated and anti-N negative at enrollment remained uninfected. Vaccinated (2 doses) and infected donors showed a steady increase in anti-S1 that increased markedly for vaccinated donors after a booster and infected donors after vaccination (slightly higher for those with hybrid immunity), whereas anti-N levels declined. Most surveyed nonvaccinated donors (65%) reported symptoms, whereas 85% of vaccinated donors were asymptomatic. A coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis was reported by 48 (31%) nonvaccinated and 3 (8%) vaccinated donors. Of asymptomatic donors, 38% never tested diagnostically for COVID-19, and 35% tested negative, suggesting an absence of knowledge of the infection.

Conclusions:

Healthy blood donors were vaccinated at high rates and remained mostly asymptomatic and noninfected, whereas approximately two thirds of infected donors reported symptoms. Anti-S1 levels increased while anti-N decreased over 18 months but remained comparable between vaccinated and hybrid immune individuals with dramatic anti-S1 increases after vaccination or boosting.
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Language: English Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ofid

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Vaccines Language: English Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Ofid