Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M titers decline as interval from the second inactivated vaccine dose to the onset of illness is prolonged in breakthrough infection patients.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Understanding of the early immune response in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infections is limited. METHODS: Ninety-eight patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) breakthrough infections were divided into two groups, with intervals from receiving the second dose of inactivated vaccine to the onset of illness <60 or ≥60 days. RESULTS: The median lymphocyte count and the median anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers were higher in the <60-day interval group compared with the corresponding medians in the ≥60-day interval group (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). The median interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in the <60-day interval group was significantly lower than the median IL-6 level in the ≥60-day interval group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the different anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG and IgM antibody titers among patients with different intervals from receiving the second dose of inactivated vaccine to the onset of illness.