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Association of cannabis use during pregnancy with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: a retrospective cohort study.
Young-Wolff, Kelly C; Ray, G Thomas; Alexeeff, Stacey E; Benowitz, Neal; Adams, Sara R; Does, Monique B; Goler, Nancy; Ansley, Deborah; Conway, Amy; Avalos, Lyndsay A.
  • Young-Wolff KC; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
  • Ray GT; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Alexeeff SE; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
  • Benowitz N; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
  • Adams SR; Research Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
  • Does MB; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
  • Goler N; Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
  • Ansley D; Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
  • Conway A; Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
  • Avalos LA; Regional Offices, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA.
Addiction ; 2022 Oct 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2237350
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND

AIMS:

Cannabis use is increasingly common among pregnant individuals and might be a risk factor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. We aimed to test whether prenatal cannabis use is associated with increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

DESIGN:

This is a retrospective cohort study.

SETTING:

The study was conducted in California, USA.

PARTICIPANTS:

A total of 58 114 pregnancies (with outcomes from 5 March 2020 to 30 September 2021) among 57 287 unique pregnant women aged 14-54 years who were screened for prenatal substance use, enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) (a health-care system) and had not tested positive for COVID-19 prior to pregnancy onset. MEASUREMENTS We utilized data from the KPNC electronic health record. Cannabis use status (current, recently quit and non-user) was based on universal screenings during prenatal care (including urine toxicology testing and self-reported use on a self-administered questionnaire). SARS-CoV-2 infection [based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests] was estimated in time-to-event analyses using Cox proportional hazard regression models adjusting for covariates. Secondary analyses examined differences in (a) SARS-CoV-2 testing rates and (b) SARS-CoV-2 infection rates among those tested.

FINDINGS:

We observed 348 810 person-months of follow-up time in our cohort with 41 064 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests and 6% (n = 2414) of tests being positive. At the start of follow-up, 7% of pregnant individuals had current use, 12% had recently quit and 81% did not use cannabis. Adjusting for covariates, current use was associated with lower rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.49-0.74 than non-use. Those who had recently quit did not differ from non-cannabis users in infection rates (aHR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.86-1.08). Sensitivity analyses among patients who received a SARS-CoV-2 test also found lower odds of infection associated with current versus no cannabis use (aOR = 0.76, CI = 0.61-0.93).

CONCLUSIONS:

Current cannabis use appears to be associated with a reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among pregnant individuals.
Keywords

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Journal subject: Substance-Related Disorders Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Add.16056

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Cohort study / Observational study / Prognostic study Language: English Journal subject: Substance-Related Disorders Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Add.16056