Increased risk of false-positive HIV ELISA results after COVID-19.
AIDS
; 37(6): 947-950, 2023 05 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2238519
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:
From the first-generation options available in 1985, tests to detect HIV-1 specific antibodies have increased its sensitivity and specificity. HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 surface glycoproteins present a certain degree of homology and shared epitope motifs, which results of relevance as both pandemics coexist. Here, we aimed to evaluate the rate of false-positive HIV serology results among individuals with COVID-19 diagnosis and in vaccinated individuals.DESIGN:
A retrospective analysis of the samples stored at the Infectious Disease Biobank in Argentina from donors with previous COVID-19 diagnosis or anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.METHODS:
Plasma samples were analyzed using Genscreen Ultra HIV Ag-Ab. In those with a positive result, the following assays were also performed ELISA lateral flow Determine Early Detect; RecomLine HIV-1 & HIV-2 IgG and Abbott m2000 RealTime PCR for HIV-1 viral load quantification. In all samples, the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was evaluated by ELISA using the COVIDAR kit. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson's and Fisher's exact chi-squared test; Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests.RESULTS:
Globally, the false-positive HIV ELISA rate was 1.3% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.66-2.22; χ2 â=â4.68, P â=â0.03, when compared with the expected 0.4% false-positive rate]. It increased to 1.4% (95% CI 0.70-2.24, χ2 â=â5.16, P â=â0.02) when only samples from individuals with previous COVID-19 diagnosis, and to 1.8% (95% CI 0.91-3.06, χ2 â=â7.99, P â=â0.005) when only individuals with detectable IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were considered.CONCLUSION:
This higher occurrence of HIV false-positive results among individuals with detectable antibodies against Spike SARS-CoV-2 protein should be dispersed among virology testing settings, health providers, and authorities.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
HIV Infections
/
HIV-1
/
COVID-19
Type of study:
Diagnostic study
/
Experimental Studies
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
AIDS
Journal subject:
SINDROME DA IMUNODEFICIENCIA ADQUIRIDA (AIDS)
Year:
2023
Document Type:
Article
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