allergen; antihistaminic agent; corticosteroid; epinephrine; allergic disease; clinician; clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat; coronavirus disease 2019; disease burden; economic aspect; ethicist; ethics; gene editing; gene therapy; human; immunotherapy; in vitro fertilization; intracytoplasmic sperm injection; intrauterine insemination; mast cell; monogenic disorder; nonhuman; perception; physician; professional standard; review; semen analysis; South Africa; stakeholder engagement