Pre-existing immunity modulates responses to mRNA boosters.
Cell Rep
; 42(3): 112167, 2023 03 28.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2240078
ABSTRACT
mRNA vaccines are effective in preventing severe COVID-19, but breakthrough infections, emerging variants, and waning immunity warrant the use of boosters. Although mRNA boosters are being implemented, the extent to which pre-existing immunity influences the efficacy of boosters remains unclear. In a cohort of individuals primed with the mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2 vaccines, we report that lower antibody levels before boost are associated with higher fold-increase in antibody levels after boost, suggesting that pre-existing antibody modulates the immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines. Our studies in mice show that pre-existing antibodies accelerate the clearance of vaccine antigen via Fc-dependent mechanisms, limiting the amount of antigen available to prime B cell responses after mRNA boosters. These data demonstrate a "tug of war" between pre-existing antibody responses and de novo B cell responses following mRNA vaccination, and they suggest that transient downmodulation of antibody effector function may improve the efficacy of mRNA boosters.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
COVID-19
/
BNT162 Vaccine
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
Topics:
Vaccines
/
Variants
Limits:
Animals
/
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
Cell Rep
Year:
2023
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.celrep.2023.112167
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