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SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/BA.5 Mutations in Spike Leading to T Cell Escape in Recently Vaccinated Individuals.
Emmelot, Maarten E; Vos, Martijn; Boer, Mardi C; Rots, Nynke Y; van Els, Cécile A C M; Kaaijk, Patricia.
  • Emmelot ME; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
  • Vos M; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
  • Boer MC; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
  • Rots NY; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
  • van Els CACM; Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
  • Kaaijk P; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Viruses ; 15(1)2022 Dec 29.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2240516
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) lineages rapidly became dominant in various countries reflecting its enhanced transmissibility and ability to escape neutralizing antibodies. Although T cells induced by ancestral SARS-CoV-2-based vaccines also recognize Omicron variants, we showed in our previous study that there was a marked loss of T cell cross-reactivity to spike epitopes harboring Omicron BA.1 mutations. The emerging BA.4/BA.5 subvariants carry other spike mutations than the BA.1 variant. The present study aims to investigate the impact of BA.4/BA.5 spike mutations on T cell cross-reactivity at the epitope level. Here, we focused on universal T-helper epitopes predicted to be presented by multiple common HLA class II molecules for broad population coverage. Fifteen universal T-helper epitopes of ancestral spike, which contain mutations in the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 variants, were identified utilizing a bioinformatic tool. T cells isolated from 10 subjects, who were recently vaccinated with mRNA-based BNT162b2, were tested for functional cross-reactivity between epitopes of ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike and the Omicron BA.4/BA.5 spike counterparts. Reduced T cell cross-reactivity in one or more vaccinees was observed against 87% of the tested 15 non-conserved CD4+ T cell epitopes. These results should be considered for vaccine boosting strategies to protect against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 / BNT162 Vaccine Type of study: Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V15010101

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: COVID-19 / BNT162 Vaccine Type of study: Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: V15010101