Key Aspects of Climate Strategies in Europe

ABSTRACT

Climate change is one of the main challenges and threats of the 21st century. Accordingly, the analysis in this study is based on the conceptual economic strategy of the United Nations Green Economy. Attention is paid to topical issues on the problem of climate change, since the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected human economic activities. For this study, three European Union member states have been selected for their economic performance and economic development Germany, France and Italy. According to the statistics of the International Monetary Fund for 2020, the data on the GDP of these countries is the highest. Compared to other member states, the selected countries have the largest population. Moreover, the leaders of the three states have repeatedly expressed their concern about the problem of climate change. The paper provides a brief analysis of the most important international conferences devoted to the climate problem, as well as a comparison of the main approaches in relation to anthropological factors causing climate change. Unfortunately, the climate agenda is still viewed by some industrialists, government elites and energy sector businessmen as less significant than economic benefits. Academic circles are also divided and many believe that the transition to "green rails” is not feasible at the moment and the climate issue can be postponed. Thus, economic reforms, compliance with environmental recommendations, the introduction of legal and institutional mechanisms and methods remain under the responsibility of each state separately. The avoidance and reluctance of transformations allows us to speak about the initial stage of the formation of awareness of the climate threat. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.