A systematic review of the incidence, management and prognosis of new-onset autoimmune connective tissue diseases after COVID-19.
Rheumatol Int
; 43(7): 1221-1243, 2023 07.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2242310
ABSTRACT
A literature review on new-onset autoimmune connective tissue diseases (ACTDs) following COVID-19 is lacking. We evaluated potential associations between COVID-19 and the development of new-onset ACTDs. The "population" was adults with disease terms for ACTDs, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis (SSc), idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM), anti-synthetase syndrome, mixed CTD and undifferentiated CTD, and "intervention" as COVID-19 and related terms. Databases were searched for English-language articles published until September 2022. We identified 2236 articles with 28 ultimately included. Of the 28 included patients, 64.3% were female, with a mean age was 51.1 years. The USA reported the most cases (9/28). ACTD diagnoses comprised 11 (39.3%) IIM (including four dermatomyositis); 7 (25%) SLE; four (14.3%) anti-synthetase syndrome; four (14.3%) SSc; two (7.1%) other ACTD (one lupus/MCTD overlap). Of eight, four (14.3%) patients (including that with lupus/MCTD) had lupus nephritis. The average time from COVID-19 to ACTD diagnosis was 23.7 days. A third of patients were admitted to critical care, one for treatment of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in SLE (14 sessions of plasmapheresis, rituximab and intravenous corticosteroids) and nine due to COVID-19. 80% of patients went into remission of ACTD following treatment, while three (10%) patients died-one due to macrophage activation syndrome with anti-synthetase syndrome and two from unreported causes. Our results suggest a potential association between COVID-19 and new-onset ACTDs, notably in young females, reflecting more comprehensive CTD epidemiology. The most common diagnosis in our cohort was IIM. The aetiology and mechanisms by which ACTDs emerge following COVID-19 remain unknown and require further research.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Scleroderma, Systemic
/
Autoimmune Diseases
/
Lupus Nephritis
/
Connective Tissue Diseases
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COVID-19
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Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic
/
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease
/
Myositis
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Diagnostic study
/
Etiology study
/
Experimental Studies
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Reviews
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Limits:
Adult
/
Female
/
Humans
/
Male
/
Middle aged
Language:
English
Journal:
Rheumatol Int
Year:
2023
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
S00296-023-05283-9
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