INSUFFICIENT VITAMIN D LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE

ABSTRACT

Chronic heart failure despite the development of new treatment methods, remains the most common and prognostic adverse complication of all cardiovascular diseases. Studies conducted in different countries over the past decades have convincingly proved that vitamin D deficiency is one of the important factors in the development of CCC diseases. Vitamin D (VDR) receptors were detected in more than 40 target tissues, including cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle and endothelial vascular cells and have convincingly proved, that eliminating vitamin D deficiency improves blood pressure in hypertension and also reduces myocardial hypertrophy. The above studies also confirmed the effect of vitamin D on the development of prediabetes, diabetes, metabolic disorders. The effect of vitamin D on the prevention of atherosclerosis has also been confirmed. One of the mechanisms for the development of atherosclerosis is currently considered an inflammatory process. The effect of vitamin D on the course of inflammatory processes in the body was clearly manifested during the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus infection COVID-19. There was a clear correlation between vitamin D levels and the severity of infection. In severe COVID-19, as a rule, either a deficiency or a lack of vitamin D in the body was determined. In addition, low vitamin D levels increase the risk of developing severe forms of coronary heart disease. The study involved 30 patients <n = 30>diagnosed with heart failure(I-III NYHA) In 12 < 40%> patients out of 30, vitamin D levels were below 20.0 ng/mL, consistent with this vitamin deficiency. In 14 < 46,67%>the level of vitamin D in the blood was between 20.0 ng/mL and 30.0 ng/mL and this corresponded about the lack of vitamin D. Only 4 < 13,33%> patients has level of vitamin D in reference values and this was due to the use vitamin D due to comorbid pathology thyroid disease, autoimmune diseases or previously identified vitamin D hypovitaminosis. Vitamin D partially enters the body with food mainly found in animal productsliver, milk, eggs, butter, etc and is formed in the skin under the influence of ultraviolet rays. However, patients with CHF often have concomitant diseaseskidney disease, diabetes, disorders and others, forcing them to adhere to a strict diet poor in vitamin D. Also, due to CHF, these patients mainly lead a sedentary lifestyle, and, as a result, receive little ultraviolet rays. This explains the frequently detected deficiency and deficiency of vitamin D in patients with CHF, if, they do not receive drugs that compensate for its deficiency.