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Evolution of long-term vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity in healthcare workers after different COVID-19 vaccine regimens.
Moore, Shona C; Kronsteiner, Barbara; Longet, Stephanie; Adele, Sandra; Deeks, Alexandra S; Liu, Chang; Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa; Reyes, Laura Silva; Meardon, Naomi; Faustini, Sian; Al-Taei, Saly; Tipton, Tom; Hering, Luisa M; Angyal, Adrienn; Brown, Rebecca; Nicols, Alexander R; Dobson, Susan L; Supasa, Piyada; Tuekprakhon, Aekkachai; Cross, Andrew; Tyerman, Jessica K; Hornsby, Hailey; Grouneva, Irina; Plowright, Megan; Zhang, Peijun; Newman, Thomas A H; Nell, Jeremy M; Abraham, Priyanka; Ali, Mohammad; Malone, Tom; Neale, Isabel; Phillips, Eloise; Wilson, Joseph D; Murray, Sam M; Zewdie, Martha; Shields, Adrian; Horner, Emily C; Booth, Lucy H; Stafford, Lizzie; Bibi, Sagida; Wootton, Daniel G; Mentzer, Alexander J; Conlon, Christopher P; Jeffery, Katie; Matthews, Philippa C; Pollard, Andrew J; Brown, Anthony; Rowland-Jones, Sarah L; Mongkolsapaya, Juthathip; Payne, Rebecca P.
  • Moore SC; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Kronsteiner B; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Longet S; Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Adele S; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Deeks AS; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
  • Liu C; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Dejnirattisai W; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
  • Reyes LS; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Meardon N; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK.
  • Faustini S; Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
  • Al-Taei S; Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
  • Tipton T; Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Hering LM; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Angyal A; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
  • Brown R; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
  • Nicols AR; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
  • Dobson SL; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
  • Supasa P; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Tuekprakhon A; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Cross A; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK.
  • Tyerman JK; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
  • Hornsby H; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
  • Grouneva I; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
  • Plowright M; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
  • Zhang P; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
  • Newman TAH; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
  • Nell JM; Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
  • Abraham P; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Ali M; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Malone T; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Neale I; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Phillips E; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Wilson JD; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Murray SM; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Zewdie M; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Shields A; Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.
  • Horner EC; MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
  • Booth LH; MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
  • Stafford L; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Bibi S; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Wootton DG; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences
  • Mentzer AJ; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK.
  • Conlon CP; Oxford Centre for Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Jeffery K; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Matthews PC; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London H
  • Pollard AJ; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Brown A; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Rowland-Jones SL; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
  • Mongkolsapaya J; Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
  • Payne RP; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Med ; 4(3): 191-215.e9, 2023 03 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2243466
ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Both infection and vaccination, alone or in combination, generate antibody and T cell responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the maintenance of such responses-and hence protection from disease-requires careful characterization. In a large prospective study of UK healthcare workers (HCWs) (Protective Immunity from T Cells in Healthcare Workers [PITCH], within the larger SARS-CoV-2 Immunity and Reinfection Evaluation [SIREN] study), we previously observed that prior infection strongly affected subsequent cellular and humoral immunity induced after long and short dosing intervals of BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccination.

METHODS:

Here, we report longer follow-up of 684 HCWs in this cohort over 6-9 months following two doses of BNT162b2 or AZD1222 (Oxford/AstraZeneca) vaccination and up to 6 months following a subsequent mRNA booster vaccination.

FINDINGS:

We make three observations first, the dynamics of humoral and cellular responses differ; binding and neutralizing antibodies declined, whereas T and memory B cell responses were maintained after the second vaccine dose. Second, vaccine boosting restored immunoglobulin (Ig) G levels; broadened neutralizing activity against variants of concern, including Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5; and boosted T cell responses above the 6-month level after dose 2. Third, prior infection maintained its impact driving larger and broader T cell responses compared with never-infected people, a feature maintained until 6 months after the third dose.

CONCLUSIONS:

Broadly cross-reactive T cell responses are well maintained over time-especially in those with combined vaccine and infection-induced immunity ("hybrid" immunity)-and may contribute to continued protection against severe disease.

FUNDING:

Department for Health and Social Care, Medical Research Council.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Med Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.medj.2023.02.004

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Vaccines / COVID-19 Type of study: Cohort study / Experimental Studies / Observational study / Prognostic study / Randomized controlled trials Topics: Long Covid / Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal: Med Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: J.medj.2023.02.004