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Mapping Chini Lake (Pahang, Malaysia) using Sentinel-2 images to determine the effect of acid mine drainage in the pre- to post-COVID-19 restriction period.
Rendana, Muhammad; Idris, Wan Mohd Razi; Rahim, Sahibin Abdul.
  • Rendana M; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, 30662, South Sumatra, Indralaya, Indonesia. muhrendana@ft.unsri.ac.id.
  • Idris WMR; Department of Earth Science and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
  • Rahim SA; Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
Environ Monit Assess ; 195(1): 205, 2022 Dec 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2244581
ABSTRACT
Mining activities in the Chini Lake catchment area have been extensive for several years, contributing to acid mine drainage (AMD) events with high concentrations of iron (Fe) and other heavy metals impacting the surface water. However, during the restriction period due to the COVID-19 outbreak, anthropogenic activities have been suspended, which clearly shows a good opportunity for a better environment. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the variation of AMD-associated water pollution in three main zones of the Chini Lake catchment area using Sentinel-2 data for the periods pre-movement control order (MCO), during MCO, and post-MCO from 2019 to 2021. These three zones were chosen due to their proximity to mining areas zone 1 in the northeastern part, zone 2 in the southeastern part, and zone 3 in the southern part of the Chini Lake area. The acid mine water index (AMWI) was a specific index used to estimate acid mine water. The AMWI values from Sentinel-2 images exhibited that the mean AMWI values in all zones during the MCO period decreased by 14% compared with the pre-MCO period. The spatiotemporal analysis found that the highest polluted zones were recorded in zone 1, followed by zone 3 and zone 2. As compared with during the MCO period, the maximum percentage of increment during post-MCO in all zones was up to 25%. The loosened restriction policy has resulted in more AMD flowing into surface water and increased pollution in Chini Lake. As a whole, our outputs revealed that Sentinel-2 data had a major potential for assessing the AMD-associated pollution of water.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Water Pollutants, Chemical / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Environ Monit Assess Journal subject: Environmental Health Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S10661-022-10833-y

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Water Pollutants, Chemical / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies Topics: Long Covid Limits: Humans Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Environ Monit Assess Journal subject: Environmental Health Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S10661-022-10833-y