Evaluation of a pharmacist-led drive-up anticoagulation clinic during the coronavirus 2019 pandemic

ABSTRACT

Background: The University of Kentucky HealthCare Anticoagulation Clinic at the Gill Heart and Vascular Institute in Lexington, Kentucky, designed and implemented a drive-up clinic for warfarin management with the goal to minimize person-to-person exposure during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on warfarin management in a pharmacist-led anticoagulation service when transitioned from an in-person clinic to a drive-up clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a retrospective observational cohort study of 68 patients seen in the University of Kentucky HealthCare Anticoagulation Clinic on warfarin therapy for any indication. Patients were included if they had scheduled visits at least 3 times in the period 6 months before, during, and after the initiation of the drive-up clinic. The primary outcome is the difference in time in therapeutic range (TTR) before and during the drive-up clinic. Results: The difference between the mean TTR in period 1 (69.1% ± 23.2%) and period 2 (69.6% ± 19.2%) was not statistically significant (P = 0.882). The mean TTR in period 3 (70.5% ± 20.8%) did not differ in statistical significance from either period 1 (P = 0.688) or period 2 (P = 0.746). Safety outcomes including reported bleeding events and emergency department visits or hospital admissions for bleeding or thrombotic events were consistently low across each period. Conclusion: The results of this study illustrate that a drive-up clinic for warfarin management may be a reasonable alternative approach to providing care for outpatient anticoagulant management and may support nontraditional clinic models for long-term management of anticoagulation and other chronic disease states.