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Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) for Immunomodulation in COVID-19 Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
Velotti, Francesca; Costantini, Lara; Merendino, Nicolò.
  • Velotti F; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
  • Costantini L; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
  • Merendino N; Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
J Clin Med ; 12(1)2022 Dec 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2246032
ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), might be complicated by Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) caused by severe lung damage. It is relevant to find treatments for COVID-19-related ARDS. Currently, DHA and EPA n-3 PUFAs, known for their immunomodulatory activities, have been proposed for COVID-19 management, and clinical trials are ongoing. Here, examining COVID-19-related ARDS immunopathology, we reference in vitro and in vivo studies, indicating n-3 PUFA immunomodulation on lung microenvironment (bronchial and alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages, infiltrating immune cells) and ARDS, potentially affecting immune responses in COVID-19-related ARDS. Concerning in vitro studies, evidence exists of the potential anti-inflammatory activity of DHA on airway epithelial cells and monocytes/macrophages; however, it is necessary to analyze n-3 PUFA immunomodulation using viral experimental models relevant to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Then, although pre-clinical investigations in experimental acute lung injury/ARDS revealed beneficial immunomodulation by n-3 PUFAs when extracellular pathogen infections were used as lung inflammatory models, contradictory results were reported using intracellular viral infections. Finally, clinical trials investigating n-3 PUFA immunomodulation in ARDS are limited, with small samples and contradictory results. In conclusion, further in vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to establish whether n-3 PUFAs may have some therapeutic potential in COVID-19-related ARDS.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jcm12010304

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Type of study: Prognostic study Language: English Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Jcm12010304