Pathophysiology study and sex differences response in COVID-19 patients

ABSTRACT

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an extremely infectious illness caused by a novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has spread over the worldwide, has become one of the most difficult public health problems of our time. Age and gender are two major characteristics that influence the risks and outcomes of numerous diseases. Our study will investigate and compare the difference in hematological, biochemical, and serological biomarkers between sexes in order to evaluate severity and pathogenicity. Clinical records were taken from 150 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients were included in this study;the infection was confirmed by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Blood samples subjected to measure changes in hematological parameters and serum subjected to measure biochemical test including ferritin, creatinine, CRP, D-dimer, and liver function enzyme either for ELISA test to measure serological biomarkers including IgM, IgG, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10. 90 (60%) of whom were male and 60 (40%) of whom were female. Our study found a significant increase in CRP, IgM, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, AST, ALP, and TBIL levels in males compared to females, and the age group most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection was 41-60 years. Based on these findings, we concluded that males and those of older age had a high prevalence of severity and progression than females.