Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal co-morbidities in COVID-19 patients: A systematic-review and meta-analysis.
Comput Struct Biotechnol J
; 19: 3755-3764, 2021.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2268185
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:
COVID-19 has infected over 35 million people worldwide and led to over 1 million deaths. Several risk factors that increase COVID-19 severity have emerged, including age and a history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, or kidney disease. However, a number of outstanding questions persist, including whether the above comorbidities correlate with increased mortality from COVID-19 or whether age is a significant confounding variable that accounts for the observed relationship between COVID-19 severity and other comorbidities. METHODS ANDFINDINGS:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies documenting COVID-19 patients with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, or chronic kidney disease. We classified COVID-19 cases into severe/non-severe or deceased/surviving and calculated the odds ratio (OR) for each of the four comorbidities in these cohorts. 36 studies, comprising 22,573 patients, are included in our meta-analysis. We found that hypertension is the most prevalent comorbidity in deceased COVID-19 patients (55.4%; CI 49.4-61.3%), followed by cardiovascular disease (30.7%; CI 22.6-38.8%), cerebrovascular disease (13.4%; CI 9.12-19.2%), then chronic kidney disease (9.05%; CI 5.57-15.0%). The risk of death is also significantly higher for patients with these comorbidities, with the greatest risk factor being chronic kidney disease (OR 8.86; CI 5.27-14.89), followed by cardiovascular disease (OR 6.87; CI 5.56-8.50), hypertension (OR 4.87; CI 4.19-5.66), and cerebrovascular disease (OR 4.28; CI 2.86-6.41). These risks are significantly higher than previously reported, while correlations between comorbidities and COVID-19 severity are similar to previously reported figures. Using meta-regression analysis with age as a moderating variable, we observed that age contributes to the observed risks but does not explain them fully.CONCLUSIONS:
In this meta-analysis, we observed that cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and kidney-related comorbidities in COVID-19 significantly contributes to greater risk of mortality and increased disease severity. We also demonstrated that age may not be a confounder to these associations.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Type of study:
Cohort study
/
Observational study
/
Prognostic study
/
Reviews
/
Systematic review/Meta Analysis
Language:
English
Journal:
Comput Struct Biotechnol J
Year:
2021
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.csbj.2021.06.038
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