COVID-19: Attacks Immune Cells and Interferences With Antigen Presentation Through MHC-Like Decoy System.
J Immunother
; 46(3): 75-88, 2023 04 01.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2269388
ABSTRACT
The high mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 is related to poor antigen presentation and lymphopenia. Cytomegalovirus and the herpes family encode a series of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-like molecules required for targeted immune responses to achieve immune escape. In this present study, domain search results showed that many proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus had MHC-like domains, which were similar to decoys for the human immune system. MHC-like structures could bind to MHC receptors of immune cells (such as CD4 + T-cell, CD8 + T-cell, and natural killer-cell), interfering with antigen presentation. Then the oxygen free radicals generated by E protein destroyed immune cells after MHC-like of S protein could bind to them. Mutations in the MHC-like region of the viral proteins such as S promoted weaker immune resistance and more robust transmission. S 127-194 were the primary reason for the robust transmission of delta variants. The S 144-162 regulated the formation of S trimer. The mutations of RdRP G671S and N D63G of delta variant caused high viral load. S 62-80 of alpha, beta, lambda variants were the important factor for fast-spreading. S 616-676 and 1014-1114 were causes of high mortality for gamma variants infections. These sites were in the MHC-like structure regions.
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Antigen Presentation
/
COVID-19
Topics:
Variants
Limits:
Humans
Language:
English
Journal:
J Immunother
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
/
Neoplasms
/
Therapeutics
Year:
2023
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
CJI.0000000000000455
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