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Sex hormones in SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility: key players or confounders?
Lott, Nicola; Gebhard, Caroline E; Bengs, Susan; Haider, Ahmed; Kuster, Gabriela M; Regitz-Zagrosek, Vera; Gebhard, Catherine.
  • Lott N; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Gebhard CE; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
  • Bengs S; Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
  • Haider A; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
  • Kuster GM; Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland.
  • Regitz-Zagrosek V; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
  • Gebhard C; Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Nat Rev Endocrinol ; 19(4): 217-231, 2023 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2269716
ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has a clear sex disparity in clinical outcomes. Hence, the interaction between sex hormones, virus entry receptors and immune responses has attracted major interest as a target for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This Review summarizes the current understanding of the roles of androgens, oestrogens and progesterone in the regulation of virus entry receptors and disease progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as well as their therapeutic value. Although many experimental and clinical studies have analysed potential mechanisms by which female sex hormones might provide protection against SARS-CoV-2 infectivity, there is currently no clear evidence for a sex-specific expression of virus entry receptors. In addition, reports describing an influence of oestrogen, progesterone and androgens on the course of COVID-19 vary widely. Current data also do not support the administration of oestradiol in COVID-19. The conflicting evidence and lack of consensus results from a paucity of mechanistic studies and clinical trials reporting sex-disaggregated data. Further, the influence of variables beyond biological factors (sex), such as sociocultural factors (gender), on COVID-19 manifestations has not been investigated. Future research will have to fill this knowledge gap as the influence of sex and gender on COVID-19 will be essential to understanding and managing the long-term consequences of this pandemic.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Nat Rev Endocrinol Journal subject: Endocrinology Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41574-022-00780-6

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Prognostic study Limits: Female / Humans / Male Language: English Journal: Nat Rev Endocrinol Journal subject: Endocrinology Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: S41574-022-00780-6