An Updated and Focused Review on Heterocyclic Inhibitors for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are extremely infective and frequently cause severe respiratory issues (acute respiratory syndrome). These emerging viruses represent huge challenges to worldwide health. Reliable and systematic examination of SARS-CoV and COVID-19 will assist in identifying infectious persons accurately. Based on the biological, chemical, and genetic link of SARS CoV-2 towards SARS-CoV, the recurrence of different anti-SARS-CoV natural drug molecules may be beneficial in the advancement of anti COVID-19 herbal drug molecules. Here, we reviewed published literature on SAR, and molecular docking study of previously synthesized derivatives, which targeted SARS-CoV along with future prospects on SARS-CoV-2 have been reviewed. This study would assist researchers in developing newer/novel potential molecules that would target SAR-CoV-2. OBJECTIVES: The review highlights the inhibition potential of heterocyclic inhibitors for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The structure-activity relationship of potential compounds has been discussed. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We carried out a thorough literature assessment employing electronic databases for scientific articles highlighting potential heterocyclic inhibitors for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, published from 2010 to 2021. We recovered 415 articles, but only 220 were involved and conversed in this manuscript. The article apprehended appropriate research considering three areas 1) SAR activity, 2) Molecular docking, and 3) Biological activity and future prospects on SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: The potential compounds with good inhibition are discussed, and their inhibition is expressed in terms of IC50. RESULTS: Heterocyclic scaffolds reflected an extensive range of therapeutic activity and may act as an initiating idea for designing and discovering potential inhibitors for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 treatment. CONCLUSION: The points highlighted here may prove to be a vital tool for medicinal chemists working/investigating more potent and efficacious scaffolds in treating SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.