Psychosocial and behavioural impact of COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

ABSTRACT

Background: The children and adolescents with ASD around the world have experienced a major disruption of their everyday lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Social isolation has inflicted a negative impact on the psychological well-being of these children and adolescents. Aim(s) To investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in children and adolescents with ASD in terms of comprehension and adherence to implemented measures and changes in their behavioural problem. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional (descriptive) study was done involving 16 ASD children and adolescents attending OPD of a tertiary care institute within a time period of 12 months for various behavioural problems using ISAA scale and Nisonger CBRF. Each subject was assessed on a single occasion for 3 different timelines-Pre-COVID (before March 2020), during full Lockdown (March-May 2020) and Post-Lockdown (January 2021-January 2022). Result(s) The ISAA scoring revealed significant increase in ASDrelated behaviours (i.e. inappropriate emotional response, difficulty in communication etc.) from before pandemic to during pandemic and Post-Lockdown (p value<0.05).The Nisonger Child Behaviour Rating Form revealed deterioration in Positive Social behaviour (p value<0.05).Significant increase in problem behaviour was seen in all the six domains (Conduct problem, Insecure/Anxious, Hyperactive, Self-injury/Stereotype, Self-isolated/Ritualistic and Overtly Sensitive) (p value<0.05). Conclusion(s) Disruption of daily routine and social distancing have led to increase in problem behaviours of the children and adolescents with ASD as well as an increase in deficits of positive behaviours.