Aki in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients- an Epidemiology Study in a Tertiary Center

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related acute kidney injury (AKI) is a recognized complication of the disease and may result in high morbidity and mortality rate. The reported incidence and outcome vary worldwide. This study aimed to assess the AKI rate in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and identify risk predictors/prognosticator associated with the complication. Method(s) This is a retrospective study of hospitalized COVID-19 patients at the University Malaya Medical Center admitted from January 2021 until June 2021. Data on patients who were>= 18 years old and hospitalized for >= 48 hours for confirmed COVID-19 infection were captured. Clinical parameters and demographic of patients were collected from electronic medical records. The staging of AKI was based on criteria as per KDIGO guidelines. Result(s) A total of 1529 patients were found to have fulfilled the criteria for the study with a male-to-female ratio of 759 (49.6%) to 770 (50.3%). The median age was 55 (IQR 36-66). 500 patients (32.7%) had diabetes, 621 (40.6%) had hypertension, and 5.6% (n=85) had pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The incidence rate of AKI was 21.1% (n=323). The proportion of different AKI stages of 1,2 and 3 were 16.3%, 2.1%, and 2.7%, respectively. A total of 15 hospitalized patients (0.98%) needed dialysis. 190 patients (58.8%) of AKI group had complete recovery of renal function. Demographic factors that were associated with an increased risk of developing AKI included age (p< 0.001), diabetes (p<0.001), hypertension (p<0.001), CKD (p<0.001) and vaccination status (p=0.002). Analysis of biochemical parameters in AKI cohort revealed statistically significant lower lymphocytes & platelet counts, higher ferritin levels, and poorer renal function (creatinine based)) compared with the non-AKI cohort. Outcome analysis in our cohort revealed that AKI was associated with prolonged hospitalization (p<0.001) and higher mortality rates with P< 0.001). [Formula presented] Conclusion(s) AKI is a common complication among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The increased risk was associated with underlying comorbidities and had an adverse outcome on patient morbidity and mortality. No conflict of interestCopyright © 2023