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Variants of SARS-CoV-2: Influences on the Vaccines' Effectiveness and Possible Strategies to Overcome Their Consequences.
Rabaan, Ali A; Al-Ahmed, Shamsah H; Albayat, Hawra; Alwarthan, Sara; Alhajri, Mashael; Najim, Mustafa A; AlShehail, Bashayer M; Al-Adsani, Wasl; Alghadeer, Ali; Abduljabbar, Wesam A; Alotaibi, Nouf; Alsalman, Jameela; Gorab, Ali H; Almaghrabi, Reem S; Zaidan, Ali A; Aldossary, Sahar; Alissa, Mohammed; Alburaiky, Lamees M; Alsalim, Fatimah Mustafa; Thakur, Nanamika; Verma, Geetika; Dhawan, Manish.
  • Rabaan AA; Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia.
  • Al-Ahmed SH; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
  • Albayat H; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan.
  • Alwarthan S; Specialty Paediatric Medicine, Qatif Central Hospital, Qatif 32654, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alhajri M; Infectious Disease Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 7790, Saudi Arabia.
  • Najim MA; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.
  • AlShehail BM; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia.
  • Al-Adsani W; Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 41411, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alghadeer A; Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia.
  • Abduljabbar WA; Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Kuwait City 63537, Kuwait.
  • Alotaibi N; Department of Infectious Diseases, Hampton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Hampton, VA 23667, USA.
  • Alsalman J; Department of Anesthesia, Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam 32245, Saudi Arabia.
  • Gorab AH; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Fakeeh College for Medical Science, Jeddah 21134, Saudi Arabia.
  • Almaghrabi RS; Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
  • Zaidan AA; Infection Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain, Manama 435, Bahrain.
  • Aldossary S; Al Kuzama Primary Health Care Center, Al Khobar Health Network, Eastern Health Cluster, Al Khobar 34446, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alissa M; Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alburaiky LM; Gastroenterology Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah 23831, Saudi Arabia.
  • Alsalim FM; Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Women and Children's Health Institute, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia.
  • Thakur N; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
  • Verma G; Pediatric Department, Safwa General Hospital, Eastern Health Cluster, Safwa 31921, Saudi Arabia.
  • Dhawan M; Department of Family Medicine, Primary Health Care, Qatif Health Cluster, Qatif 32434, Saudi Arabia.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(3)2023 Mar 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2277348
ABSTRACT
The immune response elicited by the current COVID-19 vaccinations declines with time, especially among the immunocompromised population. Furthermore, the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants, particularly the Omicron variant, has raised serious concerns about the efficacy of currently available vaccines in protecting the most vulnerable people. Several studies have reported that vaccinated people get breakthrough infections amid COVID-19 cases. So far, five variants of concern (VOCs) have been reported, resulting in successive waves of infection. These variants have shown a variable amount of resistance towards the neutralising antibodies (nAbs) elicited either through natural infection or the vaccination. The spike (S) protein, membrane (M) protein, and envelope (E) protein on the viral surface envelope and the N-nucleocapsid protein in the core of the ribonucleoprotein are the major structural vaccine target proteins against COVID-19. Among these targets, S Protein has been extensively exploited to generate effective vaccines against COVID-19. Hence, amid the emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2, we have discussed their impact on currently available vaccines. We have also discussed the potential roles of S Protein in the development of novel vaccination approaches to contain the negative consequences of the variants' emergence and acquisition of mutations in the S Protein of SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the implications of SARS-CoV-2's structural proteins were also discussed in terms of their variable potential to elicit an effective amount of immune response.
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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Medicina59030507

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: SARS-CoV-2 / COVID-19 Type of study: Experimental Studies / Observational study Topics: Vaccines / Variants Limits: Humans Language: English Journal subject: Medicine Year: 2023 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: Medicina59030507