Mucosal plasma cells are required to protect the upper airway and brain from infection.
Immunity
; 55(11): 2118-2134.e6, 2022 Nov 08.
Article
in English
| MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2286532
ABSTRACT
While blood antibodies mediate protective immunity in most organs, whether they protect nasal surfaces in the upper airway is unclear. Using multiple viral infection models in mice, we found that blood-borne antibodies could not defend the olfactory epithelium. Despite high serum antibody titers, pathogens infected nasal turbinates, and neurotropic microbes invaded the brain. Using passive antibody transfers and parabiosis, we identified a restrictive blood-endothelial barrier that excluded circulating antibodies from the olfactory mucosa. Plasma cell depletions demonstrated that plasma cells must reside within olfactory tissue to achieve sterilizing immunity. Antibody blockade and genetically deficient models revealed that this local immunity required CD4+ T cells and CXCR3. Many vaccine adjuvants failed to generate olfactory plasma cells, but mucosal immunizations established humoral protection of the olfactory surface. Our identification of a blood-olfactory barrier and the requirement for tissue-derived antibody has implications for vaccinology, respiratory and CNS pathogen transmission, and B cell fate decisions.
Keywords
Full text:
Available
Collection:
International databases
Database:
MEDLINE
Main subject:
Plasma Cells
/
B-Lymphocytes
Topics:
Vaccines
Limits:
Animals
Language:
English
Journal:
Immunity
Journal subject:
Allergy and Immunology
Year:
2022
Document Type:
Article
Affiliation country:
J.immuni.2022.08.017
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