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Retrospective Study of Aging and Sex-Specific Risk Factors of COVID-19 with Hypertension in China.
Wang, Juan; Zhang, Yili; Li, Kexin; Du, KangJia; Huang, Xinyi; Zhou, Zifeng; Ma, Yan; Guo, Shuzhen; Hou, Yong; Li, Quntang; Xu, Hongming; Huang, Jin; Huang, Qiuhua; Na, Hui; Wang, Jingwei; Wang, Xiaoyan; Xiao, Yanhua; Zhu, Junteng; Chen, Hong; Liu, Zhang; Wang, Mingxuan; Zhang, Linsong; Wang, Wei; Wan, Haitong.
  • Wang J; School of Life and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
  • Zhang Y; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
  • Li K; Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
  • Du K; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
  • Huang X; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
  • Zhou Z; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
  • Ma Y; Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
  • Guo S; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
  • Hou Y; The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China.
  • Li Q; Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.
  • Xu H; Department of Infectious Disease, Daqing Second Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China.
  • Huang J; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
  • Huang Q; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
  • Na H; Department of Infectious Disease, Harbin Infectious Disease Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
  • Wang J; Department of Infectious Disease, Harbin Infectious Disease Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
  • Wang X; Department of Infectious Disease, Jinzhong Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China.
  • Xiao Y; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mudanjiang Kangan Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China.
  • Zhu J; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian College, Putian, Fujian, China.
  • Chen H; President's Office, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China.
  • Liu Z; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of Suihua City, Suihua, Heilongjiang, China.
  • Wang M; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China.
  • Zhang L; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital (T·C·M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
  • Wang W; President's Office, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
  • Wan H; School of Life and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Cardiovasc Ther ; 2022: 5978314, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2288694
ABSTRACT

Background:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global threat that pushes healthcare to its limits. Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 and is strongly associated with disease severity and mortality. To date, clinical mechanisms by which hypertension leads to increased risk in COVID-19 are still unclear. Furthermore, additional factors might increase these risks, such as the consideration of age and sex, which are of interest when in search of personalized treatments for hypertensive COVID-19 patients.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 543 COVID-19 patients in seven provinces of China to examine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in this population and to determine risk factors of hypertensive COVID-19 patients. We also used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with hypertensive COVID-19 patients in different age and sex subgroups.

Results:

Among the enrolled COVID-19 patients, the median age was 47 years (interquartile range (IQR) 34.0-57.0), and 99 patients (18.23%) were over 60 years old. With regard to comorbidities, 91 patients (16.75%) were diagnosed with hypertension, followed by diabetes, coronary disease, and cerebrovascular disease. Of the hypertensive COVID-19 patients, 51 (56.04%) were male. Multivariable analysis showed that old age, comorbid diabetes or coronary heart disease on admission, increased D-dimer, increased glucose, and decreased lymphocyte count were independent risk factors associated with hypertensive COVID-19 patients. Elevated total bilirubin (odds ratio [OR] 1.014, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-1.05; p = 0.043) and triglycerides (OR 1.173, 95% CI 0.049-1.617; p = 0.007) were found to be associated with elderly hypertensive COVID-19 patients. In addition, we found that decreased lymphocytes, basophil, high-density lipoprotein, and increased fibrinogen and creatinine were related to a higher risk of disease severity in male patients. The most common abnormal clinical findings pertaining to female hypertensive COVID-19 patients were hemoglobin, total bile acid, total protein, and low-density lipoprotein.

Conclusions:

Factors associated with increased risk of hypertensive COVID-19 patients were identified. Results to the different age and sex subgroups in our study will allow for better possible personalized care and also provide new insights into specific risk stratification, disease management, and treatment strategies for COVID-19 patients with hypertension in the future.
Subject(s)

Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Coronary Disease / Diabetes Mellitus / COVID-19 / Hypertension Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Cardiovasc Ther Journal subject: Vascular Diseases / Cardiology / Therapeutics Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 2022

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Full text: Available Collection: International databases Database: MEDLINE Main subject: Coronary Disease / Diabetes Mellitus / COVID-19 / Hypertension Type of study: Cohort study / Diagnostic study / Observational study / Prognostic study Topics: Long Covid Limits: Aged / Female / Humans / Male / Middle aged Country/Region as subject: Asia Language: English Journal: Cardiovasc Ther Journal subject: Vascular Diseases / Cardiology / Therapeutics Year: 2022 Document Type: Article Affiliation country: 2022