Using the four-valued Rasch model in the preparation of neutrosophic form of risk maps for the spread of COVID-19 in Turkey

ABSTRACT

This paper aims to create a neutrosophic risk map of COVID-19 cases in Turkey based on the quantum decision-making model by the qudit states. First, we generate COVID-19 data for Turkey based on real-world values and an estimate of R (reproduction number). In this paper, we try to propose four-valued logic based on the square of opposition to assess the COVID-19 data in Turkey. We analyze the data in terms of the general structure of the Rasch model. Second, we find the cumulative probabilities based on real data;the lowest is 1.30 for Turkey, and the highest is 2.21 for Turkey based on the following formulas representing the possible scenarios given to determine the range and upper and lower boundaries in our cognitive scheme. Finally, we can produce a risk map based on the upper and lower boundaries of the cumulative probabilities at the end of the march of events. Additionally, scalar data are often used in the production of visuals. The descriptive analysis of scenarios that are more strongly related to cognitive and semantic aspects in the context of vectors may provide more in-depth and detailed conclusions than the descriptive analysis of scenarios that are more directly associated with scalar data. Thus we show that the analysis of COVID-19 spreads may be carried out using the four-valued vectorial form of probability functions. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.