Double burden of malnutrition

ABSTRACT

Over the past several decades, a global increase in modernization, urbanization, and economic development has contributed to a rapid shift in dietary intake and physical activity, particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). These factors, though associated with a decrease in undernutrition, have led to a rapid increase in the prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases (NRCDs) worldwide. Consequently, the double burden of malnutrition (DBM), a co-occurrence of under-and overnutrition, emerged and has become a serious public health concern globally. Since economic and social factors related to both the COVID-19 pandemic and ongoing war in Ukraine are expected to exacerbate the DBM globally, the development of novel efforts to promote food insecurity and reduce malnutrition, while also preventing overnutrition and NRCDs, is required. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved